The raw water source can come from surface water sources such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, or groundwater. This water is then used as the inlet water for water treatment plants. The quality of the raw water can vary significantly due to factors such as rainfall, surface erosion, pollution from surrounding sources, seasonal changes, algae blooms, and groundwater mineralization. The water contains suspended sediments, natural organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and various microorganisms. During certain periods, there may also be traces of algae and manganese iron in the water. The quality of the raw water directly affects the amount of chemicals used in the treatment process and the operating conditions of the treatment equipment. Therefore, the quality of the raw water is a crucial factor in the entire water purification process. If the quality of the raw water is inconsistent, it will increase the processing burden in subsequent stages such as coagulation, filtration, and disinfection, and may even affect the safety of the water produced at the end of the process.